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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-II01:26

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical in identifying potential health issues. One key component of this assessment is palpation, a technique healthcare providers use to assess the body for abnormalities. This content explores the method of palpation in evaluating the respiratory tract, focusing on thoracic palpation and tactile fremitus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing
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Intercostal nerve electrodiagnostic testing in rib fractures.

Kristen Gambardella1, Cody Ashy2, Dane Daley2

  • 1College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.

Muscle & Nerve
|July 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Intercostal nerve damage after rib fractures can be diagnosed and localized using electrodiagnostic studies. Ultrasound can assess rectus abdominis atrophy and guide electromyography (EMG) safely.

Keywords:
electromyographyintercostal nerverib fractureultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Musculoskeletal Imaging
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Rib fractures can lead to intercostal nerve injury, causing abdominal muscle denervation.
  • This denervation may result in pain, atrophy, and eventration, often underdiagnosed.
  • Investigating diagnostic tools for nerve injury below the T7 level is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical utility of intercostal nerve electrodiagnostic testing.
  • To diagnose and localize nerve injury following rib fractures.
  • To assess the role of ultrasound in quantifying muscle atrophy and guiding EMG.

Main Methods:

  • Conduction studies (NCS) and needle electromyography (EMG) were performed on five patients with rib fractures.
  • EMG utilized ultrasound guidance for rectus abdominis and intercostal muscles.
  • Ultrasound measured rectus abdominis thickness to assess atrophy.

Main Results:

  • Intercostal NCS and EMG successfully diagnosed and localized nerve damage.
  • Ultrasound revealed significant rectus abdominis atrophy on the affected side (0.534 cm vs. 1.024 cm).
  • Average patient age was 59.4 years, with an average BMI of 31.5 kg/m².

Conclusions:

  • Intercostal electrodiagnostic studies are effective for diagnosing and localizing nerve damage post-rib fracture.
  • Musculoskeletal ultrasound aids in diagnosing and quantifying rectus abdominis atrophy.
  • Ultrasound provides safe and accurate guidance for needle EMG in affected muscles.