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Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

5.2K
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
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Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

10.3K
Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
10.3K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes02:45

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

13.9K
Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.
13.9K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

2.8K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Hydration-Accelerated Crown Ether Diffusion within Single Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Xiaojuan Li1, Qianxi Wang2, Jian Tang2

  • 1School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.

Nano Letters
|July 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We visualized 12-crown-4 diffusion in covalent organic framework-300 (COF-300) using microscopy. Hydration unexpectedly accelerated diffusion, revealing new insights into COF-crown ether interactions.

Keywords:
Covalent organic frameworksacceleration diffusioncrown etherdark-field optical microscopyhydration

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous polymers with tunable structures.
  • Understanding guest molecule diffusion within COFs is crucial for their applications.
  • Crown ethers (CEs) are cyclic molecules known for their selective binding properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and quantify the diffusion behavior of 12-crown-4 within COF-300 single crystals.
  • To investigate the factors influencing 12-crown-4 diffusion, including hydration effects.
  • To elucidate the noncovalent interactions between COFs and CEs.

Main Methods:

  • Operando dark-field optical microscopy was employed to track 12-crown-4 diffusion in real-time.
  • Diffusion coefficients (D) were quantified by analyzing the diffusion area and front.
  • Heterogeneity in diffusion was assessed across intraparticle and interparticle scales.

Main Results:

  • Direct visualization of 12-crown-4 diffusion within COF-300 single crystals was achieved.
  • Intraparticle and interparticle heterogeneity in diffusion was observed.
  • An unexpected hydration-accelerated diffusion of 12-crown-4 was discovered, with aqueous solutions diffusing faster than pure liquid.
  • Pure 12-crown-4 liquid was unable to access the COF-300 framework.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogen-bonding interactions between surface water and COF imine groups drive the accelerated diffusion.
  • The study expands the mechanistic understanding of COF-CE interactions.
  • Findings will aid in designing advanced CE-based COFs with enhanced performance.