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Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Schwann Cells, Keratinocytes, and Fibroblasts from Human Foreskin
Published on: March 23, 2022
Histological diversity in hyperkeratotic flexural erythema-Beyond granular parakeratosis?
Anna Luo1, Fergus Oliver1, Harriet Kennedy1,2
1Department of Dermatology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand.
Abstract:
The term 'hyperkeratotic flexural erythema' (HFE) has been used synonymously with granular parakeratosis (GP), to describe a scaly, typically intertriginous rash associated with contact factors such as benzalkonium chloride. However, clinical HFE can occur without the classical GP histological pattern. We reviewed skin biopsies from 10 patients with clinically diagnosed HFE. A progression of histopathological features is suggested. The absence of histological GP should not exclude the clinical diagnosis of HFE when there is a high index of suspicion.
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