High intensity proton source based on a hollow-cathode reflex discharge

We describe here the electrode system, design, and parameters of an ion source based on a Penning-type hollow-cathode reflex discharge developed for generation of proton beams. Especially for proton beam generation, a modified geometry of both hollow and reflex cathodes was fabricated. The working gas is molecular hydrogen. Ion extraction and beam formation are performed using a three-electrode single-aperture optical system with a 3-mm diameter emission aperture. At an accelerating voltage of 33-35 kV and a discharge current of 0.55 A in continuous mode, the ion beam current was 15-17 mA, and in pulsed mode, at a discharge current of about 2 A, the beam current was 55 mA. The beam consists mainly of H+, H2+, and H3+ ions, with the proton (H+) fraction up to 27% in continuous mode and 40% in pulsed mode.