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The effect of polymethylmethacrylate on bone: an experimental study.

S B Goodman, J Schatzker, G Sumner-Smith

Archives of Orthopaedic and Traumatic Surgery. Archiv Fur Orthopadische Und Unfall-Chirurgie

|January 1, 1985

Summary

Low-viscosity acrylic bone cement (CMW or Simplex) in dog bones showed a thin fibrous layer at the interface. Bone formation decreased near the cement, suggesting potential vascular, thermal, or chemical impacts.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomaterials science
Surgical pathology

Background:

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widely used in orthopedic procedures.
Understanding bone
tissue response to PMMA is crucial for long-term implant success.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the bone response to low-viscosity polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement.
To assess the histological and cellular changes at the bone-cement interface.

Main Methods:

Low-viscosity PMMA (CMW or Simplex) was implanted into drill holes in canine long bones.
Histological assessment of decalcified and undecalcified sections was performed.
Fluorescent labeling was used to evaluate bone growth and turnover.

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Main Results:

A thin connective-tissue membrane with giant cells formed at the bone-cement interface.
Minimal inflammation was observed.
Bone adjacent to the cement exhibited reduced remodeling activity, fewer fluorescent bands, and decreased bone formation, indicating suppressed bone turnover.

Conclusions:

Low-viscosity PMMA elicits a localized foreign body response with minimal inflammation.
The cementation process may negatively impact adjacent bone formation and turnover, potentially due to vascular, thermal, or chemical factors.
Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms responsible for the observed decrease in bone activity.