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The ISR downstream target ATF4 represses long-term memory in a cell type-specific manner
Niaz Mahmood1,2, Jung-Hyun Choi1,2, Pei You Wu3
1Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a key part of the integrated stress response (ISR), represses long-term memory (LTM) formation. Removing ATF4 from excitatory neurons enhances LTM and boosts energy production pathways.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Molecular Biology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- The integrated stress response (ISR) is crucial for protein homeostasis and long-term memory (LTM) formation.
- The exact mechanisms by which the ISR influences LTM are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how the ISR modulates memory processes.
- To determine the role of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in LTM formation.
Main Methods:
- Targeted deletion of ATF4 in various neuronal and non-neuronal cell types.
- Electrophysiological recordings to assess long-term potentiation (LTP).
- Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to identify molecular changes.
Main Results:
- Deleting ATF4 in forebrain excitatory neurons enhanced LTM formation.
- ATF4 deletion in excitatory neurons reduced the threshold for LTP induction.
- ATF4 deletion upregulated oxidative phosphorylation pathways, increasing ATP production.
Conclusions:
- Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) acts as a memory repressor specifically in excitatory neurons.
- Modulating ATF4 in excitatory neurons offers a potential target for enhancing memory.
- Enhanced ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation may underlie ATF4's role in memory repression.
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