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Updated: Jun 19, 2025

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When the Heart Meets the Mind: Exploring the Brain-Heart Interaction during Time Perception.

Shiva Khoshnoud1,2, David Leitritz3,4, Meltem Çinar Bozdağ5

  • 1Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany shiva.khoshnoud@uni-tuebingen.de.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|July 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bodily signals, like heartbeats, influence our perception of time. This study found that brain responses to heartbeats (HEP) and self-awareness of bodily signals correlate with how accurately we judge duration.

Keywords:
contingent negative variation (CNV)duration reproductionheartbeat-counting taskheartbeat-evoked potential (HEP)time perception

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology
  • Human Time Perception

Background:

  • Emerging evidence links time estimation to internal bodily signals and rhythms.
  • Previous research has not directly measured electrophysiological correlates of heartbeat processing during duration judgment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrophysiological association between heartbeat processing and duration judgment.
  • To explore the role of interoceptive awareness and accuracy in time estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Measured heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP) and contingent negative variation (CNV) during auditory duration-reproduction and reaction-time tasks.
  • Assessed interoceptive awareness using the Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ) and interoceptive accuracy via the heartbeat-counting task (HCT).
  • Analyzed brain activity across 4, 8, and 12-second intervals in male and female participants.

Main Results:

  • Higher SAQ scores correlated with more accurate and longer duration reproductions.
  • HEP amplitudes showed interval-specific modulations during the timing task, unlike the control task.
  • A ramp-like increase in HEP2 during duration encoding correlated with reproduced durations, with larger increases predicting under-reproduction.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical responses to heartbeats (HEP) are modulated by time estimation demands.
  • Interoceptive awareness, but not accuracy, predicts duration reproduction performance.
  • Findings support an embodied perspective on time perception, linking it to internal bodily signals.