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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
Published on: January 7, 2019
Next-generation cancer vaccines and emerging immunotherapy combinations
Anne Brandenburg1, Annkristin Heine1, Peter Brossart1
1Medical Clinic III of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Abstract:
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been a subject of research for several decades as potential new weapons to tackle malignancies. Their goal is to induce a long-lasting and efficient antitumour-directed immune response, capable of mediating tumour regression, preventing tumour progression, and eradicating minimal residual disease, while avoiding major adverse effects. Development of new vaccine technologies and antigen prediction methods has led to significant improvements in cancer vaccine efficacy. However, for their successful clinical application, certain obstacles still need to be overcome, especially tumour-mediated immunosuppression and escape mechanisms. In this review, we introduce therapeutic cancer vaccines and subsequently discuss combination approaches of next-generation cancer vaccines and existing immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell transfer/cell-based immunotherapies.
Insights
Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to fight tumors by stimulating the immune system. Combining next-generation cancer vaccines with immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors shows promise for overcoming treatment challenges.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been researched for decades as a strategy against malignancies.
- Their primary goal is to elicit a durable, effective anti-tumor immune response for tumor regression and eradication of residual disease with minimal side effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review therapeutic cancer vaccines.
- To discuss combination strategies involving next-generation cancer vaccines and current immunotherapies, focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on therapeutic cancer vaccines.
- Discussion of advancements in vaccine technologies and antigen prediction.
- Analysis of combination approaches with immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer immunotherapies.
Main Results:
- Significant improvements in cancer vaccine efficacy have been achieved through new technologies and antigen prediction.
- Tumor-mediated immunosuppression and immune escape remain significant obstacles for clinical application.
Conclusions:
- Next-generation cancer vaccines offer enhanced efficacy.
- Combining these vaccines with immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer is a promising strategy to overcome tumor resistance and improve clinical outcomes.
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