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Updated: Jun 19, 2025
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Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
Published on: January 24, 2020
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Subjective cognitive decline: Memory complaints, cognitive awareness, and metacognition
Stefano F Cappa1, Federica Ribaldi2,3, Christian Chicherio3,4
1University Institute of Advanced Studies and IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Summary
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) can precede dementia and may indicate Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Metacognitive assessment in SCD could predict dementia risk and identify functional cognitive disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Gerontology
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is common in older adults and often leads to memory clinic referrals.
- SCD without objective impairment may precede dementia or stem from other causes, such as functional cognitive disorders.
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker positivity in SCD subjects correlates with an increased risk of clinical progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review research on the relationship between SCD, cognitive awareness, and metacognitive abilities.
- To explore the potential of metacognitive efficiency in predicting dementia progression and identifying functional cognitive disorders in SCD.
- To highlight the implications for managing this prevalent aging-related condition.
Main Methods:
- Selective review of existing research on subjective cognitive decline, awareness, and metacognition.
- Discussion of the role of metacognitive efficiency as a potential biomarker for progression.
- Consideration of performance-based assessments for metacognitive efficiency.
Main Results:
- SCD can arise from diverse mechanisms, not solely neurodegeneration.
- AD biomarker positivity significantly increases the risk of dementia progression in individuals with SCD.
- Metacognition is identified as the key neuropsychological function underlying cognitive awareness in SCD.
Conclusions:
- Longitudinal studies on metacognitive efficiency in SCD are crucial for risk assessment.
- Metacognitive assessment may help differentiate neurodegenerative from functional cognitive disorders in SCD.
- Quantitative measures of metacognitive efficiency could aid in managing SCD and predicting progression.
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