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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Splenic abscesses in the new millenium - a systematic review.

Daniel Quan Hui Ooi1, Joshua Quan Chen Ooi1, London Lucien Peng Jin Ooi2,3

  • 1School of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

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Isolated splenic abscesses are rare but increasingly reported. While patient demographics are stable, new causes like COVID-19 and post-surgical complications are emerging, with non-surgical treatments showing promise.

Keywords:
abdominal infectionspercutaneous drainagesplenectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Infectious diseases
  • Surgical pathology

Background:

  • Isolated splenic abscesses are uncommon but reported with increasing frequency.
  • Changes in causative organisms and infection mechanisms are noted.
  • A review of publications from 1900 to 2022 was conducted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze trends in isolated splenic abscesses.
  • To compare patient demographics, causes, and treatment outcomes over time.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search in Embase and PubMed.
  • Inclusion of 522 publications representing 1111 cases.
  • Tabulation, analysis, and comparison of collected data.

Main Results:

  • Patient demographics and symptoms are largely unchanged, with a rise in reported Asian patients.
  • Metastatic infections are the primary cause, with increasing iatrogenic and COVID-19-related cases.
  • Aerobic organisms are most common (68%); splenectomy is definitive, but non-surgical options show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated splenic abscesses require high clinical suspicion for diagnosis.
  • Non-surgical treatment modalities can be effective and potentially definitive.
  • Emerging causes necessitate ongoing surveillance and adaptation of treatment strategies.