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Updated: Jun 19, 2025

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
Published on: January 27, 2010
Efficacy of intrauterine device procedural analgesics
Kara Grossman1, Erin McKown, Rachel Cushing
1At the time this article was written, Kara Grossman was a student in the PA program at Creighton University in Omaha, Neb. She now practices in urology at Kansas City Urology Care in Overland Park, Kan. In the PA program at Creighton University, Erin McKown is a professor and Rachel Cushing is an assistant professor. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Abstract:
Nearly half of all pregnancies worldwide are unintended. Intrauterine devices are an effective, long-acting form of pregnancy prevention that require minimal maintenance, and also can be used in patients with menorrhagia. However, they are underused because of pain associated with their insertion. Topical and local anesthesia are good options for reducing procedural pain in select patients. IUD placement falls within the scope of practice for physician associates/assistants (PAs) practicing in family medicine, internal medicine, and women's health. PAs should be aware of these additional analgesia options available to patients in order to increase use of effective contraception.
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