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Postoperative Delirium and Neurocognitive Disorders: Updates for Providers Caring for Cancer Patients
Donna Ron1,2, Stacie Deiner3
1Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. Donna.Ron@hitchcock.org.
Current Oncology Reports
|July 25, 2024
Summary
This review updates information on postoperative delirium and neurocognitive disorders in surgical cancer patients. Novel risk factors and prevention strategies are discussed, highlighting the need for further research to improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Neuroscience
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Postoperative delirium and neurocognitive disorders (PND) pose significant risks for surgical cancer patients.
- Understanding established and emerging risk factors is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated review of postoperative delirium and neurocognitive disorders in surgical cancer patients.
- To summarize recent findings on risk factors, prevention, and management strategies for PND.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on perioperative neurocognitive disorders in cancer surgery.
- Synthesis of information on established and novel risk factors.
- Analysis of current and emerging prevention and treatment interventions.
Main Results:
- Established risk factors (age, comorbidities, frailty) and novel factors (microbiome, vitamin D deficiency) are associated with PND.
- Prevention strategies include cognitive prehabilitation, geriatric assessment, multidisciplinary care, and specific medications.
- Emerging pharmacological agents show promise, but controversies in anesthesia techniques persist.
Conclusions:
- Despite ongoing research and challenges, implementing best practices can mitigate the adverse impact of PND.
- Further studies are essential to identify definitive prevention and management interventions for PND in surgical cancer patients.
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