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A Scalable and Robust Water Management Strategy for PEMFCs: Operando Electrothermal Mapping and Neutron Imaging

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Researchers developed a nature-inspired water management strategy for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This approach uses capillary microchannels to improve water removal, boosting performance and efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Effective water management is critical for optimal performance in low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
  • Excessive water accumulation can lead to flooding, hindering mass transfer and reducing overall PEMFC efficiency.
  • Current water management strategies often face challenges in achieving efficient and passive water removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, nature-inspired water management strategy for PEMFCs.
  • To enhance passive water transport and removal within PEMFCs using biomimetic design.
  • To improve the performance and operational stability of PEMFCs through advanced flow field engineering.

Main Methods:

  • A nature-inspired chemical engineering (NICE) approach was employed, mimicking the integument structure of desert lizards for passive water transport.
  • Engraved capillary microchannels were integrated into conventional flow fields of PEMFCs.
  • Performance was evaluated through power density measurements, electro-thermal mapping, and neutron radiography for water transport visualization.

Main Results:

  • PEMFCs with the lizard-inspired flow fields showed significant performance improvements, including a 15% increase in maximum power density for a 25 cm2 cell and 13% for a 100 cm2 cell.
  • Electro-thermal mapping revealed a more uniform distribution of current density and temperature compared to conventional designs.
  • Neutron radiography confirmed efficient transport and removal of generated liquid water by the capillary microchannels, preventing reactant channel blockages.

Conclusions:

  • The developed capillary microchannel design, inspired by lizard skin, offers a highly efficient and universally applicable water management solution for PEMFCs.
  • This biomimetic strategy effectively mitigates flooding issues, leading to enhanced PEMFC performance and durability.
  • The findings suggest broad potential for practical implementation in PEMFC technology and other electrochemical devices requiring effective water management.