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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Updated: Jun 19, 2025

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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A quantum sensor for atomic-scale electric and magnetic fields.

Taner Esat1,2, Dmitriy Borodin3,4, Jeongmin Oh3,4

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Researchers developed a single-molecule quantum sensor for atomic-scale magnetic field detection. This new method achieves sub-angstrom resolution, overcoming limitations of current quantum sensing techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Detecting faint magnetic fields at the atomic scale is a significant challenge.
  • Existing quantum sensors lack atomic spatial resolution for spin detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a single-molecule quantum sensor with atomic spatial resolution.
  • To measure magnetic and electric fields from individual atoms and molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a single-molecule quantum sensor using Fe atoms and a PTCDA molecule on a scanning tunneling microscope tip.
  • Utilizing electron spin resonance for molecular spin addressing.
  • Achieving high energy resolution (~100 neV).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated sub-angstrom spatial resolution in sensing.
  • Successfully measured magnetic and electric dipole fields from single Fe atoms and Ag dimers.
  • Proof-of-principle experiment validated the sensor's capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enables atomic-scale quantum sensing of electric and magnetic fields on conducting surfaces.
  • Potential applications include sensing spin-labeled biomolecules and quantum material spin textures.