Does environmental regulation matter for healthcare utilisation in China? An interrupted time series study

In recent years, China has implemented a series of environmental regulation policies to improve air quality, but the health effects of these policy changes need to be accurately clarified and quantified. The objective of this study was to empirically examine the effects of levying construction dust pollution fees on healthcare utilisation in a southern city of China. The study used a unique administrative insurance claim dataset from the city's Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance scheme between 2013 and 2015. The sample included 69,961 enrolees. An interrupted time series design was employed to investigate whether and how the healthcare utilisation of enrolees changed after the policy change. The results showed that this environmental regulation policy did not affect the inpatient utilisation of enrolees but did negatively impact outpatient utilisation. In addition, outpatient utilisation of chronic disease coverage decreased for patients with chronic diseases, including diabetes and hypertension. This study provides evidence that enhancing environmental regulations helps reduce medical costs, which can benefit China and other developing countries to improve environmental quality and promote public health.