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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

Leflunomide-Associated Wound Complication After Cochlear Implantation: A Case Report.

Vikas Munjal¹, Robert J Macielak², Vivian F Kaul²

¹College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology

|July 26, 2024

Summary

Cochlear implant infections may occur in patients taking immunosuppressants like disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). A case study showed wound complications resolved after a drug holiday, suggesting careful management is needed.

Keywords:

DMARD cochlear implant extrusion infection leflunomide revision

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

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Published on: February 29, 2020

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Impedance Monitoring for Cochlear Implant Surgery

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Published on: August 4, 2023

Author Spotlight: Optimizing EAS with Long Electrodes for Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation

Author Spotlight: Optimizing EAS with Long Electrodes for Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation

Published on: October 11, 2024

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Rheumatology
Infectious Disease

Background:

Cochlear implantation (CI) is a common treatment for severe hearing loss.
Immunosuppressive therapies, such as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), are widely used for autoimmune conditions.
An increasing number of patients undergoing CI are on immunosuppressive medications, raising concerns about potential complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the risk of cochlear implant-associated infections in patients using immunosuppressive therapy.
To highlight potential wound complications in patients on DMARDs undergoing cochlear implantation.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart review.
Comprehensive literature review.
Case presentation of an 81-year-old male with rheumatoid arthritis on leflunomide.

Main Results:

The patient experienced wound dehiscence and infection after cochlear implantation while on leflunomide.
Complications resolved after a temporary cessation of the DMARD (drug holiday).
The patient successfully underwent cochlear reimplantation after the infection resolved.

Conclusions:

This case highlights a potential link between DMARD therapy and cochlear implant wound complications.
Further research is warranted to understand the interaction between immunosuppressive therapy and CI outcomes.
Perioperative management strategies need to be developed for patients on immunosuppressants undergoing cochlear implantation.