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Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
Published on: January 21, 2020
Role of microRNAs in Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis: A Scoping Review
Rupali Agnihotri1, Sumit Gaur2, Subraya Giliyar Bhat3
1Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Aim:
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder, exhibits a bidirectional relationship with periodontitis (PD), and recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with their progression. This review aims to assess the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DM-associated PD and their plausible application as a biomarker for PD in individuals with DM.
Materials And Methods:
The search conducted until September 2023 on Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science using the keywords "microRNA," "miRNA," or "miR," combined with "Diabetes" and "PD" yielded 100 articles. Only research focusing on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DM-associated PD and their potential application as biomarkers for both conditions were included. Finally, 14 studies were assessed for any bias, and the collected data included study design, sample size, participant groups, age, sample obtained, PD severity, miRNAs examined, clinical and biochemical parameters related to DM and PD, and primary outcomes.
Results:
In vivo studies indicated altered expression of miRNAs-146a, -146b, -155, -200b, -203, and -223, specifically in the comorbid subjects with both conditions. Animal, ex vivo, and in vitro studies demonstrated altered expression of miRNAs-126, -147, -31, -25-3p, -508-3p, -214, 124-3p, -221, -222, and the SIRT6-miR-216/217 axis. These miRNAs impact innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and insulin sensitivity, thereby promoting periodontal destruction in DM. miRNA-146a emerges as a reliable biomarker of PD in DM, whereas miRNA-155 is a consistent predictor of PD in subjects without DM.
Conclusions:
miRNAs exert influence on immuno-inflammation in DM-associated PD. Although they can be biomarkers of PD and DM, their clinical utility is hindered by the absence of standardized tests to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, there has been limited exploration of the role of miRNAs in DM-associated PD through human studies. Future clinical trials are warranted to address this gap, focusing on standardizing sample collection, miRNA sources, and detection methods. This approach will enable the identification of specific miRNAs for DM-associated PD.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis (PD) progression. Certain miRNAs show promise as biomarkers for DM-associated PD, but more human studies are needed.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Molecular Biology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis (PD) share a complex bidirectional relationship.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as critical regulators in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including DM and PD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DM-associated PD.
- To assess the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for PD in individuals with DM.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science) until September 2023.
- 14 relevant studies focusing on miRNA roles in DM-associated PD pathogenesis and biomarker potential were included and assessed for bias.
- Data on study design, participant demographics, sample types, disease severity, specific miRNAs, and clinical parameters were collected.
Main Results:
- Altered expression of specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-146a, miR-155, miR-200b) was observed in comorbid DM and PD subjects.
- These miRNAs influence immune responses, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and insulin sensitivity, contributing to periodontal destruction.
- miRNA-146a shows potential as a PD biomarker in DM, while miR-155 is a predictor in non-DM PD.
Conclusions:
- miRNAs significantly impact the immuno-inflammatory processes in DM-associated PD.
- While miRNAs show promise as biomarkers for both DM and PD, their clinical application is limited by a lack of standardized detection methods.
- Further human studies are crucial to standardize sample collection, miRNA sources, and detection techniques for reliable DM-associated PD biomarker identification.
