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Related Concept Videos

Wind Turbine Machine Models01:24

Wind Turbine Machine Models

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In the growing field of wind energy, incorporating wind turbine models into transient stability analysis is essential. Induction and synchronous machines are the primary models used, with induction machines being prevalent due to their simplicity and reliability.
Induction machines interact through the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator and the rotor. The key parameter is slip, which is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed relative to synchronous speed. Slip is...
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Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc01:17

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc

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Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...
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Energy Line and Hydraulic Gradient Line01:27

Energy Line and Hydraulic Gradient Line

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Based on Bernoulli's equation, the energy line (EL) and hydraulic grade line (HGL) provide graphical representations of energy distribution in a fluid flow system. For steady, incompressible, inviscid flows, Bernoulli's equation is expressed as:
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Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability01:23

Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability

106
The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
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Generation of Three-Phase Voltage01:21

Generation of Three-Phase Voltage

366
A three-phase AC generator has a rotor with a rotating magnet placed within the stator mounted with the stationary three-phase winding to generate three-phase voltages via mutual induction. These windings are evenly distributed around the inner circumference of the stator and are arranged 120 electrical degrees apart. Three-phase stator windings consist of three separate coils or groups of coils, known as phases, each connected in Y (star) configuration or Delta configuration.
As the rotor...
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Turbine-Governor Control01:17

Turbine-Governor Control

191
Turbine-governor control is crucial for maintaining power system stability by balancing turbine mechanical power output with electrical load demand. This mechanism ensures that generator frequency and rotor speed are within acceptable limits during load variations. Turbine-generator units store kinetic energy due to their rotating masses; this energy is released to meet the load requirement when the load increases. The electrical torque of turbines rises to meet the demand, whereas the...
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Updated: Jun 19, 2025

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Floating offshore wind potential for Mediterranean countries.

E Faraggiana1, A Ghigo1, M Sirigu1

  • 1Marine Offshore Renewable Energy Lab (MOREnergy Lab), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, 10129 Torino, Italy.

Heliyon
|July 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Floating offshore wind offers significant potential for Mediterranean countries, aiming to reduce carbon dependence and support Europe's clean energy transition. This study reveals competitive energy costs and optimal farm designs for widespread adoption.

Keywords:
Floating windLCOERenewable energyWind farmWind turbines

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Area of Science:

  • Renewable Energy Systems
  • Marine Engineering
  • Energy Economics

Background:

  • Floating offshore wind is crucial for Europe's climate-neutral goals.
  • Mediterranean countries can leverage this resource to decrease carbon dependency.
  • Existing research lacks site-specific optimization for Mediterranean floating wind farms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel methodology for estimating spatially-resolved Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) and wind energy potential in the Mediterranean.
  • To optimize floating offshore wind farm design, considering electrical grid cable and layout.
  • To provide crucial data for marine spatial planning and policy development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel methodology integrating site-specific LCOE and potential estimations.
  • Employed the Jensen wake model for wind farm layout optimization.
  • Incorporated electrical grid cable design into the optimization process.

Main Results:

  • Identified Libya, Tunisia, Italy, and Greece as having the largest technical capacity potentials (782 GW total).
  • Calculated an average LCOE of 93.4 €/MWh and capacity factor of 31.8%, with 67.5% of potential below 90 €/MWh.
  • Determined optimal farm designs favor 10x10 arrays of 15 MW turbines with HVDC export cables, and Hywind platforms.

Conclusions:

  • Floating offshore wind in the Mediterranean is poised to become competitive with other renewables.
  • The study provides essential data for policymakers and stakeholders for marine spatial planning.
  • Optimal design parameters and platform selection (Hywind) are identified for maximizing efficiency and cost-effectiveness.