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Identification and its vicissitudes.

M Kanzer

    The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study traces the evolution of identification concepts in American psychoanalytic literature through three distinct eras, highlighting key shifts in theory and clinical application. It reveals how understanding of identification developed from diffuse early ideas to integrated, developmental, and adaptive perspectives.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychoanalytic Theory
    • Psychology
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • The concept of 'identification' in American psychoanalytic literature has evolved significantly over time.
    • Early psychoanalytic thought (1915-1945) featured diffuse concepts and terminology regarding identification.
    • Otto Fenichel's 1945 survey marked a transition towards a more integrated approach.

    Observation:

    • The 'Synthesizers' era (1945-1975) introduced developmental and adaptive viewpoints, tracing maturation processes.
    • Key developments included differentiating the self from ego functioning and emphasizing self-object relationships.
    • This period broadened analytic frameworks to encompass normal and abnormal behaviors, linking internal and external worlds.

    Findings:

    • The 'Pioneers' era (1915-1945) was characterized by fragmented understanding of identification processes.
    • The 'Synthesizers' (1945-1975) integrated concepts like incorporation, projection, and internalization within developmental and adaptive contexts.
    • The 'Current Commentators' (1975-1985) extended these trends, focusing on individual/group identity and the analyst's role.

    Implications:

    • Understanding the historical trajectory of identification concepts is crucial for contemporary psychoanalytic practice.
    • The evolution reflects a growing sophistication in conceptualizing the self, relationships, and behavior.
    • Further research can build upon these historical perspectives to explore modern applications of identification theory.

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