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Early Peri-Implant Bone Healing on Laser-Modified Surfaces with and without Hydroxyapatite Coating: An In Vivo Study
Ana Flávia Piquera Santos1, Rodrigo Capalbo da Silva2, Henrique Hadad1
1Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil.
Biology
|July 26, 2024
Summary
Laser-modified implant surfaces, including those with hydroxyapatite, enhanced bone tissue deposition and implant stability compared to standard machined surfaces in rabbit tibiae.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopedic Research
- Surface Engineering
Background:
- Dental implant success relies on osseointegration.
- Surface modifications can improve bone-implant interactions.
- Evaluating novel surface treatments is crucial for enhanced clinical outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess bone tissue's biological response to machined surfaces (MS) versus laser-modified surfaces (LS) and laser-modified surfaces with hydroxyapatite (LHS).
- To compare the osseointegration potential of different implant surface topographies using a biomimetic approach.
- To evaluate the impact of surface modifications on implant biomechanical stability and bone apposition.
Main Methods:
- Utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) for surface characterization.
- Conducted biomechanical removal torque tests and histometric analyses (%BIC, %NBA) in rabbit tibiae.
- Employed confocal laser microscopy for mineral apposition rate assessment.
Main Results:
- SEM revealed distinct surface morphology differences between MS, LS, and LHS.
- LHS showed significantly higher removal torque than MS at 2 weeks; LS and LHS were superior to MS at 4 weeks.
- LHS exhibited superior bone-to-implant contact (%BIC) at 2 weeks, and both LS and LHS were superior at 4 weeks.
- Significant differences in newly formed bone area (%NBA) were observed between LHS and MS at 2 weeks.
Conclusions:
- Laser surface modifications (LS and LHS) induce favorable physicochemical changes.
- These modifications promote enhanced bone tissue deposition and osseointegration.
- The study supports the use of laser-modified surfaces for improved dental implant performance.
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