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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
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Targeting DNA Methylation Machinery in Pediatric Solid Tumors.

Camilla Cristalli1, Katia Scotlandi1

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.

Cells
|July 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

DNA methylation alterations are crucial in pediatric solid tumors, impacting diagnosis and treatment. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) offer promising epigenetic therapies and can enhance immunotherapies for these challenging cancers.

Keywords:
DNA methylationDNMT inhibitorspediatric solid cancers

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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Oncology
  • Cancer Genomics and Therapeutics

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression, cell identity, and genome stability.
  • Dysregulation of DNA methylation is implicated in various cancers, including pediatric solid tumors.
  • Epigenetic alterations in pediatric tumors offer insights into their development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of DNA methylation dysregulation in pediatric solid tumors.
  • To explore the potential of epigenetic therapies, specifically DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis), for treating these cancers.
  • To discuss the opportunities and limitations of DNMTis, including their impact on tumor immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA methylation in pediatric solid tumors.
  • Analysis of the therapeutic potential of DNMT inhibitors.
  • Evaluation of DNMTis' effects on tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy response.

Main Results:

  • Specific DNA methylation alterations are identified in pediatric solid tumors, aiding diagnosis and risk stratification.
  • DNMT inhibitors show promise as epigenetic therapies, targeting cancer cells directly.
  • DNMTis can induce viral mimicry and immune signaling, potentially sensitizing tumors to immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • The dysregulated DNA methylome in pediatric solid tumors presents viable targets for novel epigenetic therapies.
  • DNMT inhibitors offer a dual approach: direct anti-cancer effects and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity.
  • Epigenetic therapies, including DNMTis, hold significant potential for improving outcomes in challenging pediatric solid tumors.