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Coherence-Enhanced Single-Qubit Thermometry out of Equilibrium.

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Quantum coherence in initial states enhances the precision of quantum thermometers operating in nonequilibrium conditions. This finite-time precision surpasses asymptotic limits, offering improved thermometry in dynamic regimes.

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generalized amplitude damping channelquantum coherencequantum fisher informationquantum simulation with opticsquantum thermodynamicsquantumm thermometry

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Metrology
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Thermometry in nonequilibrium dynamical regimes faces inherent metrological limits.
  • Quantum systems can serve as thermometers, interacting with a thermal bath via Markovian dynamics.
  • Initial states of quantum thermometers can possess quantum coherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the metrological limits of thermometry in nonequilibrium dynamical regimes.
  • To investigate the role of initial quantum coherence in enhancing thermometer precision.
  • To determine if finite-time precision can exceed asymptotic precision.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a finite-dimensional quantum system as a quantum thermometer.
  • Modeling Markovian thermalization dynamics with a thermal bath.
  • Quantification of thermometer precision using Quantum Fisher Information.
  • Analytical derivation for qubit thermometers.

Main Results:

  • Quantum coherence in the initial state of a quantum thermometer enhances its precision.
  • The precision, quantified by Quantum Fisher Information, is maximized at a finite time during thermalization.
  • This finite-time enhanced precision can outperform the precision achieved in the asymptotic regime.
  • Demonstrated for qubit thermometers in transient dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Initial quantum coherence is a key resource for improving thermometry precision in dynamic, nonequilibrium settings.
  • Transient dynamics offer opportunities for enhanced metrological performance beyond steady-state limits.
  • This research provides a theoretical framework for designing more precise quantum thermometers.