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Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
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Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

Published on: March 1, 2011

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Systematic Review on the Role of IL-6 and IL-1β in Cardiovascular Diseases

Nurlubek Katkenov1, Zhussipbek Mukhatayev1, Samat Kozhakhmetov1

  • 1Laboratory of Microbiome, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|July 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Chronic inflammation drives cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review shows elevated Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) significantly increase adverse cardiovascular events, suggesting targeted therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a primary global health burden, strongly linked to chronic inflammatory processes.
  • Key inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), are critically involved in the pathogenesis and progression of CVDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize evidence on the roles of IL-6 and IL-1β in cardiovascular diseases.
  • To evaluate the impact of these cytokines on cardiovascular outcomes and explore potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase for studies published between January 2014 and December 2024.
  • Included studies investigated IL-6 and/or IL-1β in CVDs across human and animal models, focusing on clinical outcomes, mechanisms, or therapies.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers, with meta-analyses performed where appropriate.

Main Results:

  • The review analyzed 12 studies, revealing significant associations between elevated IL-6 and conditions like peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
  • Higher IL-1β levels were correlated with poorer outcomes in coronary artery disease and heart failure.
  • Meta-analyses confirmed a significant link between increased IL-6 and IL-1β levels and a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-1β are strongly associated with increased risk and severity of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Targeting IL-6 and IL-1β presents a promising therapeutic avenue for mitigating inflammation and improving cardiovascular health outcomes.

Keywords:
IL-1βIL-6biomarkerscardiovascular diseasesinflammation

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