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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Small Molecule Screening and Toxicity Testing in Early-stage Zebrafish Larvae
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Small Molecule Screening and Toxicity Testing in Early-stage Zebrafish Larvae

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Using Zebrafish to Screen Developmental Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS).

Katy N Britton1, Richard S Judson2, Bridgett N Hill3

  • 1Oak Ridge Associated Universities Research Participation Program Hosted by EPA, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Rapid Assay Development Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.

Toxics
|July 26, 2024
PubMed

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Development of the toxicity values database, ToxValDB: A curated resource for experimental and derived human health-relevant toxicity data.

Computational toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
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Interlaboratory validation of the human thyroid microtissue assay.

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology·2025
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Utilizing Multiple Behavioral Endpoints to Identify Negative Control Chemicals in a Larval Zebrafish Behavior Assay.

Toxics·2025
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Database-calibrated toxicity values for human health assessment based on existing toxicology data for one thousand chemicals.

Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews·2025
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Applying New Approach Methods for Toxicokinetics for Chemical Risk Assessment.

Chemical research in toxicology·2025
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Insights derived from testing a library of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a battery of new approach methods (NAMs).

Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews·2025
Summary

Many per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) show developmental toxicity in zebrafish. This study identified potent PFAS beyond PFOA and PFOS, highlighting the need for further toxicological evaluation.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Chemical Safety

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are prevalent in consumer and industrial products.
  • While PFOA and PFOS are known developmental toxicants, most PFAS lack toxicity data.
  • Assessing the developmental toxicity of a wide range of PFAS is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental toxicity of 182 unique PFAS chemicals using a zebrafish model.
  • To identify chemical structural features associated with PFAS developmental toxicity.
  • To compare the potency of various PFAS, including less-studied compounds.

Main Methods:

  • A medium-throughput, developmental vertebrate toxicity assay was employed.
  • Zebrafish embryos were exposed to individual PFAS compounds up to 100 μM from fertilization.
Keywords:
PFASbenchmark concentration (BMC)gross morphologyhigh-throughput screeningin vivolarval zebrafishperfluorooctanesulfonamidepotency

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  • Developmental landmarks were assessed at 6 days post-fertilization by two independent observers.

    • Main Results:

    • Thirty percent of the tested PFAS exhibited developmental toxicity.
    • No specific OECD structural category was enriched for toxicity.
    • Several PFAS, including PFOSA and N-MeFOSA, were found to be more potent developmental toxicants than PFOS.

    Conclusions:

    • Zebrafish screening identified numerous developmentally toxic PFAS beyond those extensively studied.
    • Potent developmental toxicants among PFAS, like PFOSA and N-MeFOSA, require further investigation in mammalian models.
    • These findings underscore the need for broader toxicological assessment of the PFAS chemical class.