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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Measuring Growth and Gene Expression Dynamics of Tumor-Targeted S. Typhimurium Bacteria
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Programmable Bacteria with Dynamic Virulence Modulation System for Precision Antitumor Immunity.

Leyang Wu1,2,3, Lin Li1, Liyuan Qiao1

  • 1Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 21008, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|July 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Engineered bacteria offer cancer immunotherapy, but toxicity is a concern. This study developed a novel Salmonella strain that is safe in healthy organs but precisely targets tumors, enhancing antitumor immunity.

Keywords:
attenuated salmonellamicrobial therapeuticsquorum‐sensingsynthetic biologytumor bio‐immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Engineered bacteria show promise for cancer immunotherapy but face challenges with off-target toxicity and limited therapeutic windows.
  • Controllable microbial immunogenicity within tumors is crucial for developing safer antitumor applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a genetically encoded microbial activation strategy using tunable extracellular polysaccharide expression for improved bacterial biocompatibility and efficacy.
  • To engineer a novel attenuated Salmonella strain with tumor-specific virulence and enhanced safety.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of Salmonella genes for macrophage survival to identify an attenuated chassis strain (AIS, htrA gene-deficient).
  • Construction of an engineered strain (AISI-H) using an optimized quorum-sensing regulatory system and a synthetic gene circuit (HTRA-RCSA axis).
  • Evaluation of bacterial behavior, tumor suppression, and immune activation in a melanoma mouse model.

Main Results:

  • The AIS strain demonstrated high tumor enrichment and rapid clearance from normal organs.
  • The AISI-H strain exhibited dynamic, tumor-specific virulence through increased extracellular polysaccharide content.
  • Significant tumor inhibition and potent anticancer immune activation were observed in mice treated with AISI-H.
  • The AISI-H strain showed excellent biocompatibility, with "off" activity in normal organs and "on" activity in tumors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed bacterial regulation strategy enhances biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of microbe-based antitumor agents.
  • This approach offers a safer and more precise method for cancer immunotherapy by controlling bacterial activity within tumors.
  • The engineered Salmonella strain expands the potential applications of microbial therapeutics in oncology.