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Related Concept Videos

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Flail Chest-II01:26

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The Thoracic Cage: Sternum01:17

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
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Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

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[Clavicle nonunion].

Axel Jubel1,2, Maximilian Knopf3, Jil Marie Jubel4

  • 1Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Eduardus-Krankenhaus Köln, Custodisstr. 3-17, 50679, Köln, Deutschland. axeljubel@t-online.de.

Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany)
|July 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonunion (pseudarthrosis) of the clavicle is more common after conservative treatment than surgery. Surgical intervention is recommended for symptomatic cases to restore bone vitality and stability.

Keywords:
Bone fracturesBone transplantationOsteosynthesis, fracturePainRisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Bone healing
  • Fracture management

Context:

  • Clavicle nonunion (pseudarthrosis) occurs more frequently after conservative treatment (15-24%) compared to surgical treatment (1.4%).
  • Risk factors include fracture location, displacement, type, sex, accident severity, and refractures.
  • Diagnosis relies on medical history, clinical examination, and imaging (X-ray, CT scan).

Purpose:

  • To review the diagnosis and treatment of clavicle pseudarthrosis.
  • To highlight the efficacy of surgical interventions for symptomatic nonunion.
  • To discuss surgical techniques and materials for achieving bone vitality, length, and stability.

Summary:

  • Symptomatic clavicle pseudarthrosis requires treatment, with nonoperative methods showing minimal effectiveness.
  • Surgical treatment aims to restore bone vitality, length, and stability using angular stable osteosynthesis.
  • Surgical options include anteroinferior or superior plate positioning, double plating, and bone grafting for defects.

Impact:

  • Surgical treatment demonstrates high healing rates for clavicle nonunion.
  • Potential complications of surgical treatment include an increased risk of infection.
  • Effective management of clavicle pseudarthrosis improves shoulder function and reduces pain.