Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

150
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
150
What are Estimates?01:06

What are Estimates?

5.0K
It isn't easy to measure a parameter such as the mean height or the mean weight of a population. So, we draw samples from the population and calculate the mean height or mean weight of the individuals in the sample. This sample data acts as a representative measure of the population parameter. These sample statistics are known as estimates. 
The estimate for the mean of a sample is denoted by ͞x, whereas the mean of the population is designated as μ. Further, parameters such...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond Divisive Normalization: Scalable Feedforward Networks for Multisensory Integration Across Reference Frames.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

How do big brains evolve?

Trends in ecology & evolution·2025
Same author

Choice anticipation as gated accumulation of sensory predictions.

Journal of neurophysiology·2025
Same author

Main Sequence of Human Luminance-evoked Pupil Dynamics.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same author

Generative adversarial collaborations: a new model of scientific discourse.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2024
Same author

Cognitive and kinematic markers of ketamine effects in behaving non-human primates.

European journal of pharmacology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills
09:27

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.2K

Visual working memory models of delayed estimation do not generalize to whole-report tasks.

Benjamin Cuthbert1,2, Dominic Standage1,3,4, Martin Paré3,5,6,7

  • 1Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Journal of Vision
|July 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory studies show that people group recalled items by color similarity, not independently. This challenges existing models, suggesting task structure impacts visual working memory principles.

More Related Videos

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K
Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

29.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills
09:27

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.2K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K
Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

29.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Whole-report working memory tasks allow for detailed single-trial analyses.
  • Existing models often assume independent encoding and reporting of stimuli within a trial.
  • This assumption may not accurately reflect how information is processed in whole-report tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate encoding and reporting strategies in whole-report working memory tasks.
  • To test the assumption of independent stimulus processing against empirical data.
  • To evaluate the generalizability of existing working memory encoding models to whole-report paradigms.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two independent whole-report experiments using different response methods (continuous wheel, discrete buttons).
  • Analyzed participant reports for color and orientation stimuli to identify patterns.
  • Compared empirical data against predictions from independent and hierarchical Bayesian ensemble encoding models.

Main Results:

  • Participants frequently grouped color reports by similarity, contradicting the independence assumption.
  • This grouping behavior was consistent for color but not orientation stimuli.
  • Neither independent nor hierarchical ensemble encoding models accurately predicted the observed biases in the whole-report data.

Conclusions:

  • The assumption of independent stimulus processing does not hold for whole-report working memory tasks.
  • Existing encoding models developed for single-report tasks fail to generalize to whole-report paradigms.
  • Task structure significantly influences encoding strategies and must be considered when studying visual working memory.