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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

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Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
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Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
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Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
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Multifaceted, Brief Intensive Home-Based Exposure Treatment in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Who are

Karin C P Remmerswaal1, Neeltje M Batelaan, Patricia van Oppen

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Psychiatric Practice
|July 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study tested a brief, intensive home-based exposure with response prevention (ERP) program for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) non-responders. The multifaceted treatment significantly reduced OCD symptoms and was feasible and well-tolerated.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often requires tailored interventions for non-responders to standard cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).
  • Multifaceted approaches addressing maintaining factors are crucial for treatment efficacy in refractory OCD cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel, intensive, home-based exposure with response prevention (ERP) program for adult OCD patients.
  • To assess the effectiveness and feasibility of this multifaceted treatment in individuals with treatment-resistant OCD.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-day intensive, individual ERP program was implemented, including therapist-assisted and self-controlled hours at the patient's home.
  • Interventions incorporated behavioral activation and family involvement, with assessments of symptoms, comorbidity, functioning, and quality of life.
  • Feasibility was evaluated through dropout rates, treatment satisfaction, and qualitative feedback from patients, families, and therapists.

Main Results:

  • Significant reductions in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Y-BOCS scores) were observed post-treatment (P<0.01).
  • Improvements were noted in most secondary outcomes, with results largely maintained at 3-month follow-up.
  • The program demonstrated high feasibility with a low dropout rate (1/22) and high satisfaction among participants and therapists.

Conclusions:

  • A brief, intensive, home-based ERP program is a promising and feasible treatment for individuals with OCD who have not responded to standard CBT.
  • This multifaceted approach effectively targets OCD-maintaining factors, suggesting its utility in clinical practice.
  • Strategies to ensure sustained improvement require further attention in managing treatment gains.