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Updated: Jun 19, 2025

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration

Published on: February 27, 2018

Outcomes associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patumporn Suraarunsumrit^1,2,3, Varalak Srinonprasert^1,2,3, Tanawan Kongmalai^1,3,4

¹Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

|July 26, 2024

Summary

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after surgery increases mortality risk and hospital stay, particularly within 30 days. Early recognition of these neurocognitive changes is crucial for intervention and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:

length of hospital stay major surgery meta-analysis mortality older people postoperative cognitive dysfunction systematic review

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Area of Science:

Medical research
Neuroscience
Surgical outcomes

Background:

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in cognition after surgery.
POCD can lead to adverse outcomes.
The impact of POCD on physical function, hospital stay, dementia, and mortality requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the impact of POCD on physical function, length of hospital stay (LOS), dementia, and mortality.
To analyze POCD effects stratified by surgery type (cardiac vs. noncardiac) and timing of assessment (<30 days vs. >=30 days).

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed and Scopus up to May 2023.
Inclusion of studies assessing POCD and relevant outcomes in major surgical patients.
Stratification of POCD effects by surgery type and assessment timing.

Main Results:

POCD was not associated with functional decline but increased mortality risk after cardiac surgery (RR 2.04) and noncardiac surgery (RR 1.84).
Patients with POCD within 30 days experienced longer hospital stays (MD 1.37 days for cardiac, 1.94 days for noncardiac).
Postoperative delirium (POD) may contribute to heterogeneity; limited data were reported.

Conclusions:

POCD within 30 days of cardiac or noncardiac surgery is linked to poorer outcomes and increased mortality risk.
Early identification of perioperative neurocognitive disorders is vital for timely intervention.
Further research is needed to differentiate the effects of POD from POCD on clinical outcomes.