Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2025
11:34
A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
Published on: April 11, 2025
199
A CASE OF ACUTE ZONAL OCCULT OUTER RETINOPATHY UNDER IMMUNOMODULATORY TREATMENT
David A Merle1,2,3, Lasse Wolfram1,2, Emil Nasyrov1
1Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Retinal Cases & Brief Reports
|July 26, 2024
Summary
This case report details Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR) treatment. A combination therapy of prednisolone and adalimumab effectively halted disease progression in a patient with bilateral AZOOR.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Retinal Diseases
Background:
- Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR) presents with unspecific symptoms, complicating diagnosis.
- Numerous differential diagnoses exist for AZOOR, necessitating thorough investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the clinical course and treatment outcomes for a patient diagnosed with AZOOR.
- To evaluate the efficacy of combined immunosuppressive therapy in managing AZOOR.
Main Methods:
- Observational case report utilizing comprehensive ophthalmic examinations.
- Longitudinal multimodal imaging, visual field testing, and electrophysiological recordings were performed.
- Serologic analyses and whole genome sequencing were conducted to exclude other etiologies.
Main Results:
- A 33-year-old female presented with bilateral AZOOR, with other causes ruled out.
- Initial oral prednisolone provided temporary control, but disease recurred upon discontinuation.
- A regimen of tapered oral prednisolone combined with adalimumab achieved sustained disease control for over 21 months.
Conclusions:
- Accurate AZOOR diagnosis requires excluding differential diagnoses through extensive work-up.
- Empirical treatment strategies are necessary due to the absence of randomized controlled trials.
- Close follow-up is crucial for managing AZOOR patients.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
420
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
420
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
463
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
463