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Osmoregulation by choline-based deep eutectic solvent induces electroactivity in Bacillus subtilis biofilms.

Neda Eghtesadi1, Kayode Olaifa1, Tri T Pham2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital, Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 01000, Kazakhstan.

Enzyme and Microbial Technology
|July 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Bacillus subtilis biofilms treated with choline chloride and D-sorbitol deep eutectic solvents show enhanced electroactivity and biofilm production under salt stress, improving microbial electrochemical technology applications.

Keywords:
Bacillus subtilisBiofilmDeep eutectic solventsOsmotic stressWeak electricigens

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Biotechnology
  • Bioelectrochemical Systems
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium, is a key model organism in biotechnology, exhibiting weak electroactivity in biofilms.
  • Enhancing extracellular electron transfer (EET) in B. subtilis biofilms is crucial for advancing microbial electrochemical technology (MET) and electrofermentation.
  • Previous studies indicated that choline chloride (ChCl) enhances current output and biofilm formation in B. subtilis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the osmoregulatory and nutritional effects of D-sorbitol/choline chloride (ChCl) deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on B. subtilis electroactivity under salt stress.
  • To optimize conditions for enhanced biofilm production and extracellular electron transfer in B. subtilis for biotechnological applications.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivation of Bacillus subtilis in a low-carbon tryptone yeast extract medium supplemented with salts to induce osmotic stress.
  • Addition of D-sorbitol/choline chloride (ChCl) deep eutectic solvents (1:1 mol/mol) to assess their impact on biofilm electroactivity.
  • Analysis of osmoregulatory effects and biofilm characteristics under varying salt concentrations and DES treatments.

Main Results:

  • Choline chloride (ChCl) and D-sorbitol effectively alleviated osmotic stress induced by NaH2PO4 and KH2PO4 salt additions.
  • The combination of ChCl and D-sorbitol significantly boosted biofilm production in B. subtilis.
  • Increased electroactivity was observed, likely due to the osmoprotective action of ChCl and the induction of electroactive exopolymeric substances.

Conclusions:

  • Choline chloride and D-sorbitol act as osmoprotectants, mitigating salt stress and enhancing biofilm formation and electroactivity in Bacillus subtilis.
  • The use of ChCl-containing DESs in high ionic strength media presents a promising strategy for improving biofilm-based electrofermentation processes.
  • This approach offers significant benefits for biotechnological applications, particularly in the bioproduction of high-value metabolites.