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Electrical properties determine the liquid flow direction in plasma-liquid interactions
Calum T Ryan1,2,3, Anton A Darhuber4,5, Rudie P J Kunnen4,5
1Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. c.t.ryan@tue.nl.
Scientific Reports
|July 26, 2024
Summary
Plasma-induced liquid flow direction can be controlled by adding salt ions to water. This finding is crucial for optimizing plasma-liquid interactions in various applications.
Area of Science:
- Plasma Physics
- Fluid Dynamics
- Electrochemistry
Background:
- Plasma-liquid interactions are vital for applications like surface treatment and chemical synthesis.
- Understanding plasma-induced liquid flow is key to controlling species transport and reaction efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of electrical properties on plasma-induced liquid flow.
- To determine how salt ions affect flow dynamics in plasma-liquid systems.
- To explore the potential for controlling flow direction via solution conductivity.
Main Methods:
- Utilized particle image velocimetry (PIV) to visualize liquid flow.
- Employed pH, conductivity, and temperature measurements to characterize solutions.
- Investigated an alternating current (AC) kilohertz (kHz) plasma jet interacting with water and electrolytes.
Main Results:
- In low conductivity solutions, surface forces (shear stress, dimpling) drive upward flows.
- In high conductivity solutions (electrolytes), electro-hydrodynamic forces dominate, causing downward flows.
- Demonstrated that salt ion addition controls initial plasma-induced liquid flow direction.
Conclusions:
- The direction of plasma-induced liquid flow is controllable by manipulating solution conductivity with salt ions.
- Electrolytic and plasma-induced reactions can alter solution properties, leading to time-resolved flow direction switching in grounded systems.
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