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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

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Suitable Heel Height, a Potential Method for Musculoskeletal Problems during the Third Trimester: A Pilot Study.

Linjuan Wei¹, Yan Wang^1,2,3, Yinghu Peng⁴

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 27, 2024

Summary

A 15 mm heel height may alleviate third-trimester musculoskeletal issues by optimizing gait biomechanics. This heel height demonstrated reduced muscle forces and joint torques, offering potential relief for pregnant individuals.

Keywords:

gait biomechanics heel height third trimester

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Orthopedics
Pregnancy Research

Background:

Limited treatment options exist for third-trimester musculoskeletal complaints.
Gait biomechanics are significantly altered during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of varying heel heights on gait biomechanics in third-trimester pregnant individuals.
To provide heel height recommendations for managing musculoskeletal issues during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

Five third-trimester pregnant individuals participated.
Footwear with four heel heights (0 mm, 15 mm, 30 mm, 45 mm) was used.
Lower-limb biomechanical parameters including muscle forces, joint angles, torques, and ground reaction forces were analyzed.

Main Results:

A 15 mm heel height minimized hip extension and knee flexion joint angles and torques.
Ankle joint contact force decreased as heel height increased.
Certain lower-limb muscles exhibited minimal force at 15 mm and 45 mm heel heights during specific ground reaction force phases.

Conclusions:

Heel height significantly influences muscle force, joint angles, torques, and joint contact forces.
A 15 mm heel height appears optimal for potentially preventing or reducing musculoskeletal problems in the third trimester.