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Updated: Jun 19, 2025
09:26
Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
Published on: November 6, 2014
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Orofacial Clefts and Maternal Risk Factors: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Michele Santoro1, Lorena Mezzasalma1, Alessio Coi1
1Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 27, 2024
Summary
Lower maternal age is associated with orofacial clefts (OFCs). Underweight mothers also showed a higher prevalence of cleft lip (CL), suggesting potential primary prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Medical Science
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are prevalent congenital anomalies globally.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for prevention and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between orofacial clefts and maternal characteristics.
- To analyze risk factors for isolated non-syndromic OFCs.
Main Methods:
- Case-control study utilizing a population-based registry of congenital anomalies.
- Analysis of maternal factors including age, BMI, smoking, and education.
- Logistic regression models used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR).
Main Results:
- 219 cases and 37,988 controls analyzed.
- Higher male proportion observed, especially for cleft lip (CL).
- Lower maternal age showed a decreasing trend (OR: 0.81).
- Underweight mothers had higher OFC prevalence, particularly for CL (OR: 1.88).
Conclusions:
- Association found between OFCs and lower maternal age.
- Cleft lip (CL) more common in underweight mothers, indicating primary prevention opportunities.
- Further multicenter studies are needed to confirm maternal age association.
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