Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2025

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
Published on: July 10, 2017
Development of the Japanese Version of the Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3): A Study among Student and
Toshinori Kitamura1,2,3,4, Ayako Hada1,2,5,6, Yuriko Usui1,2,7
1Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, 2-26-3 Flat A, Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan.
Objective:
The Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3) is a scenario-based measure of self-conscious emotions. We aimed to create an abridged version of the TOSCA-3 that is appropriate for Japanese populations and has a good fit with the data, as well as validate its subscales.
Methods:
The TOSCA-3 was distributed to (a) a university student population (n = 512: Study 1) and (b) a parent population (n = 260: Study 2). In both studies, items with factor loading < 0.33 were deleted one by one to select culturally appropriate scenarios for each of the six domains of self-conscious emotions. In Study 1, self-conscious emotions were correlated with the other correlates.
Results:
Most of the final models showed a good fit with the data. In Study 1, the six domains of self-conscious emotions showed correlations with depression and related items, dispositional coping styles, experiences in childhood, ego function, borderline and narcissistic personality traits, and adult attachment styles, almost in the expected fashions.
Conclusions:
The TOSCA-3 is a useful tool to measure self-conscious emotions among Japanese student and parent populations if a few culturally inappropriate scenarios are deleted.
Related Concept Videos
Three Developmental Domains
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and...
Language Development
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test
Cognitive Development During Adolescence
Typical Model Studies
Student t Distribution
The Student t distribution was developed by William S. Goset (1876–1937) of the...

