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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Quantifying Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Tumor Spheroid Model: Application for Drug Discovery
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Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer.

Kathrin Dvir1,2, Sara Giordano1,2, Jose Pablo Leone1

  • 1Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, is emerging as a vital treatment for select breast cancer subtypes like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Ongoing research explores its efficacy and biomarkers for broader application in breast cancer care.

Keywords:
biomarkersbreast cancercheckpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Breast cancer presents diverse molecular subtypes with varied treatment responses.
  • Traditionally viewed as immunologically 'cold,' breast cancer is now a target for immunotherapy.
  • Increasing incidence rates, especially in younger women, necessitate novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of immunotherapy, focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitors in various breast cancer subtypes.
  • To highlight the progress and potential of immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment.
  • To discuss the role of biomarkers in patient selection for immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials and therapeutic advancements in breast cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of immunotherapy's efficacy in different breast cancer molecular subtypes.
  • Examination of promising biomarkers such as PD-L1, TMB, and TILs.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy, specifically pembrolizumab, is approved for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in certain settings.
  • Clinical trials demonstrate immunotherapy's efficacy in select breast cancer patients.
  • Biomarkers like PD-L1, TMB, and TILs show promise for predicting immunotherapy response.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in breast cancer treatment, particularly for TNBC.
  • Further research is crucial to expand immunotherapy's application to other breast cancer subtypes.
  • Biomarker-driven patient selection is key to optimizing immunotherapy outcomes in breast cancer.