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Related Concept Videos

Globular Proteins01:27

Globular Proteins

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In organisms, proteins are the most abundant macromolecules. They act as the building blocks of life and play various crucial roles in the body. Proteins can be broadly classified into two distinct subtypes based on their shape and solubilities: globular proteins and fibrous proteins.
Globular proteins serve many important physiological functions, such as acting as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be soluble in the aqueous...
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Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

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Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks
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Structure and Functions of HMGB3 Protein.

Elena Chikhirzhina1, Anna Tsimokha1, Alexey N Tomilin1

  • 1Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

High-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) protein, crucial for DNA processes and immune responses, is gaining research attention. This review covers HMGB3 structure, function, and its role in tumor development via degradation.

Keywords:
HMGB3protein structure and functionprotein/DNA interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • High-mobility group box (HMGB) proteins are nuclear proteins involved in DNA dynamics.
  • HMGB1 and HMGB2 functions are well-established, but HMGB3 remains understudied.
  • HMGB proteins participate in DNA repair, replication, transcription, and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on HMGB3.
  • To summarize HMGB3's molecular structure and post-translational modifications.
  • To explore HMGB3's biological functions and its role in tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on HMGB3.
  • Analysis of data on HMGB3 molecular structure and modifications.
  • Investigation of HMGB3's involvement in cellular processes and disease.

Main Results:

  • HMGB3 shares core HMGB protein functions in DNA processes.
  • HMGB3 exhibits distinct post-translational modifications influencing its activity.
  • HMGB3 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system may impact tumor development.

Conclusions:

  • HMGB3 is an important protein with diverse cellular roles.
  • Further research into HMGB3 is warranted, particularly its role in cancer.
  • Understanding HMGB3 degradation pathways could offer therapeutic insights.