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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications.

Thuluz Meza-Menchaca1, Arnulfo Albores-Medina2, Alma Jaqueline Heredia-Mendez1

  • 1Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Médico-Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos s/n, Col. Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa 91010, Mexico.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression, offers insights into molecular mechanisms. This work revisits the concept of epigenetics, proposing a new definition faithful to its regulatory nature.

Keywords:
biomedicineepigeneticsepistemologyomics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The post-genomic era necessitates a deeper understanding of molecular machinery.
  • Epigenetics bridges genetics, developmental biology, and other scientific fields.
  • The term 'epigenetics' requires re-evaluation due to its multifaceted nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile significant discoveries and historical perspectives on epigenetics.
  • To propose a novel definition of epigenetics aligned with its regulatory role.
  • To guide future research in epigenetics for human and ecological benefit.

Main Methods:

  • Historical compilation of epigenetic concepts.
  • Analysis of epistemic considerations in epigenetics.
  • Linking pre-genomic and current epigenetic knowledge.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive overview of epigenetics from its origins to the present.
  • Identification of key landmarks and conceptual shifts in epigenetics.
  • A proposed new definition of epigenetics emphasizing its regulatory function.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is a crucial, dynamic field with broad implications.
  • A revisited definition enhances the precision and accuracy of epigenetic research.
  • This work provides a foundation for future experimental and theoretical advancements in epigenetics.