Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2025
09:49
Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
Published on: December 24, 2015
14.1K
IgLON5-IgG: Innocent Bystander or Perpetrator?
Jane Andersen1,2, Bronte Jeffrey1,3, Winny Varikatt2,4
1Department of Immunology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 27, 2024
Summary
Anti-IgLON5-associated disease pathogenesis is debated, with evidence supporting both neurodegenerative and autoimmune mechanisms. Multiple immune pathways likely contribute to this rare neurological condition.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Neuroimmunology
Background:
- Anti-IgLON5 (IgLON5-IgG)-associated disease is a recently identified clinical entity.
- Its underlying pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, necessitating further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and evaluate the evidence for different pathogenetic mechanisms in Anti-IgLON5-associated disease.
- To explore the potential roles of neurodegeneration and autoimmunity in disease development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on Anti-IgLON5-associated disease.
- Analysis of neuropathological findings, genetic associations, and immunological markers.
Main Results:
- Evidence for neurodegeneration includes tauopathy and MAPT H1/H1 genotype.
- Evidence for autoimmunity includes IgLON5 cell-surface localization, antibody pathogenicity, HLA associations (DRB1*10:01, DQB1*05:01), and immunotherapy response.
Conclusions:
- The pathogenesis of Anti-IgLON5-associated disease is likely multifactorial, involving both neurodegenerative and autoimmune processes.
- Heterogeneity in disease presentation suggests diverse immune mechanisms may operate simultaneously.
Related Concept Videos
02:33Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
7.3K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
7.3K
01:10Antibody Structure
59.8K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
59.8K
01:16TGF - β Signaling Pathway
7.3K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
7.3K
01:31Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
3.2K
Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
3.2K
01:26Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
479
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
479
01:17The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.3K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.3K