Implication of hydrogen peroxide in the mutagenicity of coffee

A cup of instant coffee (150 ml) of normal strength (15 mg/ml) was found to contain about 500 and 750 micrograms of hydrogen peroxide soon after its preparation at 37 degrees C and 80 degrees C, respectively, but the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the coffee increased with time for up to 24 h after its preparation. Thus coffee contains a hydrogen peroxide generating system. As extracts of green coffee beans were found to have very low capacity to generate hydrogen peroxide, this generating system is produced by roasting coffee beans. Hydrogen peroxide itself was only weakly mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA100, but in the presence of methylglyoxal, which is also present as a mutagenic component in coffee, hydrogen peroxide showed strong mutagenicity. Hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal seem to be responsible for most of the mutagenicity of instant coffee.