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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice
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Sex Differences in Fractional Flow Reserve Utilization.

Marta Bujak1, Krzysztof Malinowski2,3, Zbigniew Siudak4

  • 1Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women are less likely to receive fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided procedures, despite its increasing use. Female sex is an independent negative predictor of FFR utilization in cardiovascular interventions.

Keywords:
FFRPCIphysiological assessmentsex

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Sex-related differences in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and outcomes are well-documented.
  • Underdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis are more prevalent in female patients.
  • Recognizing sex disparities is vital for improving cardiovascular care and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-based disparities in the utilization of fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided procedures.
  • To analyze FFR use in patients undergoing angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of over 1.4 million angiography and/or PCI procedures from a national registry (2014-2022).
  • Logistic regression analysis to determine the association between female sex and FFR utilization.
  • Comparison of FFR rates between men and women across different clinical presentations.

Main Results:

  • Overall FFR utilization was lower in women (3.45%) compared to men (4.15%).
  • While FFR was more frequent in women with acute coronary syndrome, it was less common in those with chronic coronary syndrome compared to men.
  • Females undergoing FFR-guided procedures were older but less likely to have a history of myocardial infarction, CABG, or prior PCI than men.

Conclusions:

  • Despite increased FFR adoption, its use remains lower in women compared to men.
  • Female sex is an independent negative predictor for the utilization of FFR.
  • Addressing sex disparities in FFR use is crucial for equitable cardiovascular care.