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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model
10:31

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model

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The Versatile Vascularized Second Metacarpal-Base Bone Graft.

Thierry Christen1, Célina Cottier1, Sébastien Durand1

  • 1Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The second metacarpal bone flap offers a versatile vascularized bone graft for hand and wrist reconstruction. Its robust vascularization ensures reliable healing for fusions and nonunion treatments.

Keywords:
dorsal metacarpal arterynonunionsecond metacarpalvascularized bone flap

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Hand surgery
  • Microsurgery

Background:

  • Vascularized bone grafts are crucial for bone union in hand and wrist surgeries.
  • The second metacarpal base is a frequently utilized donor site for these grafts.

Observation:

  • The second metacarpal flap is easily harvested with minimal impact on hand vascularization.
  • This flap provides sufficient bone stock for small joint fusions and metacarpal/phalangeal nonunion repairs.
  • Its versatile arc of rotation allows access to carpal bones, metacarpals, and phalanges.

Findings:

  • The flap's vascularity can be based radially or ulnarly on the dorsal intercarpal arch, or pedicled distally via retrograde flow.
  • Five novel clinical applications demonstrating the flap's rotational versatility were presented.
  • The robust vascular supply ensures dependable graft healing.

Implications:

  • This technique enhances reconstructive options for complex hand and wrist bone defects.
  • The donor site's advantages and flap's versatility make it a valuable tool for orthopedic surgeons.
  • Further exploration of its applications may expand its use in treating various hand and wrist pathologies.