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Towards High-Performance Pockels Effect-Based Modulators: Review and Projections.

Yu Li1,2, Muhan Sun1, Ting Miao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

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Pockels effect modulators using ferroelectric materials offer superior performance over silicon for high-speed data transmission. This review covers their principles, fabrication, integration, and recent advancements.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Materials Science
  • Integrated Optics
  • Electro-Optics

Background:

  • High-speed data transmission demands advanced on-chip electro-optic modulators.
  • Silicon modulators face limitations due to weak carrier dispersion effects.
  • Ferroelectric materials offer a promising alternative for next-generation photonic integrated circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Pockels effect-based electro-optic modulators.
  • To explore their working principles, fabrication, and integration.
  • To highlight recent advancements in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Pockels effect modulators.
  • Analysis of working principles based on ferroelectric material properties.
  • Examination of fabrication techniques and integration schemes.

Main Results:

  • Ferroelectric materials exhibit a large first-order electro-optic coefficient, enabling enhanced modulator performance.
  • Pockels effect modulators demonstrate potential for high bandwidth, low power consumption, compact size, and linear response.
  • Significant progress has been made in developing and integrating these modulators.

Conclusions:

  • Pockels effect modulators are a key technology for meeting future high-speed data transmission needs.
  • Continued research in fabrication and integration will further optimize modulator performance.
  • These modulators are crucial for advancements in telecommunications and data centers.