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Breakfast Frequency and Smoking Initiation in University Students: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Rika Mori1,2, Ryohei Yamamoto1,3,4, Maki Shinzawa3,4
1Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
Nutrients
|July 27, 2024
Summary
Skipping breakfast is linked to a higher risk of starting smoking among university students, especially males. This association shows a dose-dependent relationship, meaning more frequent skipping increases the risk.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Smoking initiation is a significant public health concern among young adults.
- Limited research exists on the link between breakfast skipping and smoking initiation in university populations.
- Understanding modifiable lifestyle factors associated with smoking is crucial for prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dose-dependent association between breakfast skipping frequency and smoking initiation in Japanese university students.
- To identify specific student groups at higher risk for smoking initiation based on dietary habits.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study design was employed.
- Data from 17,493 male and 8880 female university students (aged 18-22) in Japan were analyzed.
- Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between breakfast frequency and smoking initiation, adjusting for relevant factors.
Main Results:
- Smoking initiation occurred in 11.6% of males and 2.2% of females over a 3-year period.
- For males, skipping breakfast showed a significant dose-dependent association with smoking initiation.
- Female students who skipped breakfast occasionally or often had a higher vulnerability to smoking initiation.
Conclusions:
- Breakfast frequency is a potential indicator for identifying university students at risk of smoking initiation.
- Interventions targeting breakfast habits may be beneficial for improving health literacy and preventing smoking.
- Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying this association.
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