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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

35.6K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.3K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.4K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.4K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

2.8K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
2.8K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.4K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

1.9K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
1.9K

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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene
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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene

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Dynamic Covalent Bond-Based Polymer Chains Operating Reversibly with Temperature Changes.

Sojeong Roh1, Yeonjeong Nam1, My Thi Ngoc Nguyen1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review explores temperature-responsive dynamic covalent bonds for advanced polymers. These bonds enable self-healing and shape-memory materials without catalysts, paving the way for smart materials.

Keywords:
applicationdynamic covalent bondsequilibriumreversibilityself-healingshape memorysynthesistemperature control

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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

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The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
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The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dynamic bonds enable reversible material properties like self-healing and shape memory.
  • Temperature is a readily controllable external stimulus for material response.
  • Dynamic covalent bonds offer tunable polymer network dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review dynamic covalent bonds that operate without catalysts across various temperatures.
  • To examine the mechanisms and kinetics of temperature-dependent dynamic covalent chemistry.
  • To introduce recent synthesis methods for dynamic covalent polymer coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of dynamic covalent chemistry principles.
  • Analysis of bonding mechanisms and kinetics in temperature-responsive systems.
  • Overview of synthesis strategies for incorporating dynamic covalent bonds into polymers.

Main Results:

  • Identification of catalyst-free dynamic covalent bonds functioning at different temperatures.
  • Understanding of equilibrium-controlled reversible reactions in polymer chains.
  • Presentation of novel synthesis techniques for dynamic covalent polymer networks.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature-responsive dynamic covalent bonds offer versatile applications in polymer science.
  • These bonds are crucial for developing advanced smart materials with tunable properties.
  • Future research can expand the use of dynamic covalent polymers through innovative design.