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Updated: Jun 18, 2025

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Risk Factors, Pathogens, and Outcomes of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Non-Cardiac Surgical Patients: A

Po-Hsun Chang1,2, Ting-Lung Lin2,3, Ying-Ju Chen2,3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.

Microorganisms
|July 27, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in surgical patients is linked to prolonged ventilation and repeat intubation. Early identification and targeted antibiotic therapy are crucial for reducing high mortality rates associated with VAP.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant hospital-acquired infection in non-cardiac surgical patients, associated with poor clinical outcomes.
  • Identifying specific risk factors and causative pathogens is essential for improving patient management and survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for VAP development in non-cardiac surgical patients.
  • To determine the pathogens responsible for VAP and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.
  • To analyze factors contributing to 30-day mortality in VAP patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patients in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) from 2010 to 2020.
  • Utilized 1:4 propensity-score matching to control for confounding variables.
  • Analyzed VAP incidence, risk factors, causative pathogens, and 30-day mortality.

Main Results:

  • Prolonged mechanical ventilation, repeat intubation, lower oxygenation on ICU admission, and gastrointestinal surgery were significant VAP risk factors.
  • Late-onset VAP, inappropriate antibiotic treatment, and gastrointestinal surgery were associated with increased 30-day mortality.
  • Nearly half of Gram-negative VAP infections involved resistant strains, and a third were polymicrobial.

Conclusions:

  • Non-cardiac surgical patients with VAP experience adverse hospital outcomes, including a high mortality rate (64.7%).
  • Understanding VAP's risk factors, resistant pathogens, and polymicrobial nature is critical for effective treatment strategies.
  • Targeted interventions for high-risk patients are necessary to improve outcomes and reduce mortality.
Keywords:
healthcare-associated pneumonianon-cardiac surgerysurgical critical illnesssurgical intensive care unitventilator-associated pneumonia

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