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Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Published on: February 24, 2023
Research Progress on Immune Evasion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Bin Jiang1, Ying Zhang1, Gaojian Li1
1Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Abstract:
As the main pathogen associated with enzootic pneumonia (EP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) is globally prevalent and inflicts huge financial losses on the worldwide swine industry each year. However, the pathogenicity of Mhp has not been fully explained to date. Mhp invasion usually leads to long-term chronic infection and persistent lung colonization, suggesting that Mhp has developed effective immune evasion strategies. In this review, we offer more detailed information than was previously available about its immune evasion mechanisms through a systematic summary of the extant findings. Genetic mutation and post-translational protein processing confer Mhp the ability to alter its surface antigens. With the help of adhesins, Mhp can achieve cell invasion. And Mhp can modulate the host immune system through the induction of inflammation, incomplete autophagy, apoptosis, and the suppression of immune cell or immune effector activity. Furthermore, we offer the latest views on how we may treat Mhp infections and develop novel vaccines.
Insights
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) causes enzootic pneumonia in pigs, leading to significant economic losses. This review details Mhp's immune evasion strategies, including antigen variation and host immune modulation, crucial for understanding and treating swine respiratory disease.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Immunology
- Swine Diseases
Background:
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) is a primary swine pathogen causing enzootic pneumonia (EP).
- Mhp infection leads to chronic respiratory disease and substantial economic losses in the global swine industry.
- The complete mechanisms underlying Mhp pathogenicity and its immune evasion strategies remain incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and detail the immune evasion mechanisms employed by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
- To provide a comprehensive understanding of how Mhp establishes persistent infections and colonizes host lungs.
- To discuss potential therapeutic interventions and novel vaccine development strategies against Mhp.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of existing findings on Mhp immune evasion.
- Analysis of genetic and post-translational mechanisms influencing Mhp surface antigens.
- Examination of Mhp's interactions with host immune responses, including inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis.
Main Results:
- Mhp utilizes genetic mutation and post-translational protein processing to alter surface antigens, aiding immune evasion.
- Adhesins facilitate Mhp cell invasion and colonization.
- Mhp modulates host immunity by inducing inflammation, incomplete autophagy, apoptosis, and suppressing immune cell activity.
Conclusions:
- Mhp employs sophisticated strategies to evade host immune responses, contributing to chronic infections.
- Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing effective treatments and vaccines for enzootic pneumonia.
- Further research into Mhp's immune evasion pathways can guide novel control strategies in swine production.
