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3D-Printed Hydrogels as Photothermal Actuators.

Melanie M Ghelardini1, Martin Geisler2, Niclas Weigel2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

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|July 27, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers 3D-printed smart hydrogels with gold nanorods (GNRs) for shape-changing actuators. These thermoresponsive materials shrink and swell with heating, demonstrating potential for advanced hydrogel applications.

Keywords:
3D printingbioplottingcycloadditiongelatingold nanorodsphotothermal heatingpoly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Thermoresponsive hydrogels exhibit volume phase transitions with temperature changes.
  • Gold nanorods (GNRs) can generate heat upon light irradiation, enabling photothermal effects.
  • 3D printing offers precise control over complex hydrogel structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop 3D-printed thermoresponsive hydrogels capable of shape change via photothermal heating.
  • To investigate the incorporation and stability of GNRs within a hydrogel matrix for actuator applications.
  • To evaluate the performance of these composite hydrogels under different heating conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a GNR-loaded ink using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) macromer and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-functionalized GNRs.
  • Direct ink writing of the hydrogel ink into an acetylated gelatin support matrix.
  • Photocrosslinking and subsequent removal of the support structure.
  • Testing of hydrogel actuator performance using convective and photothermal heating, with analysis of shrinkage, swelling, and GNR stability.

Main Results:

  • Successfully 3D-printed homogeneous and optically transparent PNIPAAm hydrogels with embedded BSA-GNRs.
  • Both convective and photothermal heating induced reversible hydrogel shrinkage due to PNIPAAm phase transition.
  • BSA-GNRs remained stable within the hydrogel structure during multiple actuation cycles.
  • Observed reversible internal buckling in some structures upon reswelling, recoverable with agitation.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using 3D-printed, GNR-embedded thermoresponsive hydrogels as photoresponsive actuators.
  • The developed hydrogel system shows promise for applications requiring controlled shape-changing capabilities.
  • The stability of GNRs and the reversible actuation highlight the potential for robust hydrogel-based devices.