Fentanyl Overdose Causes Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Dysregulation in Male SKH1 Mice

Fentanyl overdose is a survivable condition that commonly resolves without chronic overt changes in phenotype. While the acute physiological effects of fentanyl overdose, such as opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) and Wooden Chest Syndrome, represent immediate risks of lethality, little is known about longer-term systemic or organ-level impacts for survivors. In this study, we investigated the effects of a single, bolus fentanyl overdose on components of the cardiopulmonary system up to one week post. SKH1 mice were administered subcutaneous fentanyl at the highest non-lethal dose (62 mg/kg), LD10 (110 mg/kg), or LD50 (135 mg/kg), before euthanasia at 40 min, 6 h, 24 h, or 7 d post-exposure. The cerebral cortex, heart, lungs, and plasma were assayed using an immune monitoring 48-plex panel. The results showed significantly dysregulated cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor concentrations compared to time-matched controls, principally in hearts, then lungs and plasma to a lesser extent, for the length of the study, with the cortex largely unaffected. Major significant analytes contributing to variance included eotaxin-1, IL-33, and betacellulin, which were generally downregulated across time. The results of this study suggest that cardiopulmonary toxicity may persist from a single fentanyl overdose and have wide implications for the endurance of the expanding population of survivors.