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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophages and Their Clinical Applications
Elaheh Alipour-Khezri1, Mikael Skurnik2, Gholamreza Zarrini1,3
1Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51368, Iran.
Abstract:
Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious risk to contemporary healthcare since it reduces the number of bacterial illnesses that may be treated with antibiotics, particularly for patients with long-term conditions like cystic fibrosis (CF). People with a genetic predisposition to CF often have recurrent bacterial infections in their lungs due to a buildup of sticky mucus, necessitating long-term antibiotic treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are a major cause of CF lung illness, and P. aeruginosa airway isolates are frequently resistant to many antibiotics. Bacteriophages (also known as phages), viruses that infect bacteria, are a viable substitute for antimicrobials to treat P. aeruginosa infections in individuals with CF. Here, we reviewed the utilization of P. aeruginosa bacteriophages both in vivo and in vitro, as well as in the treatment of illnesses and diseases, and the outcomes of the latter.
Insights
Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) show promise for treating antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients, offering a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Genetics
Background:
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat, complicating treatment of bacterial infections.
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients frequently suffer recurrent lung infections, often with antibiotic-resistant bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a primary pathogen in CF lung disease, with isolates often exhibiting multi-drug resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the therapeutic potential of bacteriophages against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
- To explore the in vitro and in vivo applications of bacteriophages in treating P. aeruginosa-related diseases.
- To summarize outcomes of phage therapy for P. aeruginosa infections, particularly in CF patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on bacteriophage therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Analysis of in vitro and in vivo experimental data.
- Examination of clinical case studies and treatment outcomes.
Main Results:
- Bacteriophages are effective lytic agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Phage therapy has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models and some clinical applications.
- Successful outcomes reported in treating P. aeruginosa infections, including in CF patients, with minimal side effects.
Conclusions:
- Bacteriophages represent a promising alternative or adjunct to antibiotics for managing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
- Phage therapy offers a viable strategy to combat AMR in challenging infections like those seen in cystic fibrosis.
- Further clinical research is warranted to optimize phage therapy protocols for widespread use.
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